Configure the enforcement only for `main` and other release/production branches, let people push whatever they want to their dev/feature branches.

When those branches are attempted to be merged they'll fail due to having bad commits and require fixing.

That's what git stash is for; you can even add a message, just like a commit, to the stash. A commit should always be in a good state, runnable, without lint or other errors.

Yes. In my experience, anything that prevents people from committing to local branches is incredibly annoying. You want people to commit frequently and “save their work.” Checks, quality barriers, etc. are fine at CI time.