nLite was popular in the carputer scene. I ran a stripped down XP version on a low power industrial PC (Atom CPU, 1GB RAM, laptop disk) hooked up to a Lilliput touchscreen up front.
I credit nLite with improving my understanding of Windows. I was educational to see all the components listed with tooltips about their function and dependencies. It was like building your own custom copy of Windows. At one point I think I had a copy of XP running using 50MB of RAM at the desktop.
gentoo (and begrudgingly, i'll admit ubuntu server) are really light. I run web app servers on mostly gentoo, ubuntu if it requires docker, and a base install is 30-50MB of ram used. Right now my cgi, syncthing, and web fileserver is using 125MB. misskey server is using 725, i think it uses 175 on boot, so possible memory leak there. matrix server is using 363MB. Mattermost server been up for 3 months and is using 383MB.
if you remove all the source files and cruft from a gentoo install when you're done setting it up, the actual system is less than 1GB on disk, and as mentioned, 30-50MB of memory used. Ubuntu is similar, although it does include more helper apps so the disk weight is higher.
Good times!