One game I've played and thought of as similar to some sort of simultaneous chess was Toribash. It's a turn-based fighting game where you control your character via contracting/extending muscle pairs on a simplified skeleton. Your opponent chooses which joints to move at the same time as you, then the time advances a few frames. The game gives you a preview of what would happen if your opponent did nothing that turn. "Conflicts" are resolved via physics (e.g. a punch is stopped by an arm blocking it).