An easier solution would be to simply require companies to pay a bond for the cost of closing down operations before they’re allowed to start extracting resources.

This is likely the closest thing to viable, some sort of mineral extraction permanent life insurance policy to protect the surrounding area and workers would go a long way toward safeguarding the wealth created from being swallowed in shareholder greed.

My own country was perfectly fine sacrificing a region for monetary gain. In fact most countries have nationalized their oil and gas fields.

Except for the global south. That's how you get couped by the US (see Brazil 1964, Bolivia 1971, Iran 1953, Syria 1949, Iraq 1963, Indonesia 1965, Venezuela 2002, etc)

woops, this was meant to be a reply to forgetfreeman's comment

I highly doubt the best solution to this sort of problem is one size fits all.

Based on any evidence or just going with your gut on this one?