With the huge number of uses for 3D engines these days, the idea of 'typical' is the same as asking what the typical setup for any programmer is.
3D programmers for Android are probably on a combination of windows and linux. 3D programmers for iOS are no doubt coding away in Xcode. The new field of WebGL could have people coding 3d engines on Chromebooks. Etc.
There's not really any requirements for 3D development over any other development. All you need is a compiler that'll hit the platform you're developing for. Right now I'm just using vim and gcc (under Ubuntu), for Android dev, and it works great.
If you want to target consoles, you'll need the correct platform SDKs from the manufacturers. Lots of people I've worked with used VS for console dev, but I tended to stick with vim because I preferred it, and at the end of the day it's all just code going into a compiler.
Actually that's an answer in and of itself. Recently as a few years ago the answer was Windows / Visual Studio even when targeting non-Windows based consoles.
